 problem of objectivity history and philosophical aspects

Objectivity in History

Many philosophers have rejected the possibility of objective historical knowledge on the grounds that there is no given past against which to judge rival interpretations. Their reasons for doing so are valid. But this does not demonstrate that we must give up the concept of historical objectivity as such. The purpose of this paper is to define a concept of objectivity based on criteria of compa...

Pain, objectivity and history: understanding pain stigma.

The primary claim of this paper is that understanding the stigma so commonly endured by chronic pain sufferers today in the USA and the UK is unlikely without proper appreciation of the history of pain. Ameliorating such stigma is an ethical imperative, and yet most approaches eschew even an attempt to trace connections between historical attitudes, practices and beliefs towards pain and the st...

Aspects of Objectivity in Quantum Mechanics

philosophical hermeneutics and epistemological foundations of history

the effective and efficient understanding of the past, which is useful for present time, will transform the history into a dynamic science when it becomes an essential concern for historians. history, as a science, is the result of historian’s insights and perceptions; and philosophical hermeneutics with emphasizing on ontology of understanding and especially on importance of interpretation, ha...

Philosophical Aspects of Incommensurability and Incomparability

Ex ante decision analysis has other problems than ex post analysis. One of the problems is the nature of the value system of the deciding person. Mostly, it will contain different values (criteria, points of view) which are not reducible to one measure. These cases of incommensurability are one reason for the incomparability of the decision options. There are other reasons why it seems highly u...

Counterfactual reasoning (philosophical aspects)—quantitative

(Philosophical Aspects)—Qualitative". Here, after a general introduction and historical overview, we emphasize the role of counterfactual reasoning within the quantitative frameworks of probability theory, decision theory, and game theory. 1. Counterfactuals Counterfactuals are a species of conditionals. They are propositions or sentences, expressed by or equivalent to subjunctive conditionals ...